THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
| Factor | Outcome |
| Rising demand and commodity prices | More commodities in circulation (usage of
containerization to accommodate growth). New producers and consumers (marginal markets penetration). |
| Fluctuations and rises in bulk shipping rates | Decrease in the ratio cargo value per ton
shipping rate for commodities. Volatility (rates) and risk (hedging). Search for options to bulk shipping. |
| Stable and declining container shipping rates | Increase in the ratio cargo value per TEU
shipping rate for commodities. Relative rate stability. Containerization more attractive as an option. |
| Imbalances in container shipping rates | Export subsidy for return cargo. |
| Imbalances in container shipping rates | Export subsidy for return cargo. |
| Empty containers repositioning | Pools of containers available for backhauls. |
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