Modal Shift and Freight Diversion

In time, many transport terminals have become surrounded by various economic activities, many freight related, which poses challenges in terms of local road access (A). Congestion arise and terminal access becomes increasingly problematic. The problem is compounded if the terminal is surrounded by a large metropolitan area, as most ports are. To cope with a growing level of congestion which undermines the reliability of freight distribution as well as imposing additional costs and delays, two interdependent strategies can be implemented (B):

• Modal shift. Shipments entering or exiting the terminal are using a mode other than road, which commonly involves barges or rail shuttles. These modes are likely to be much less congested.
• Freight diversion. Satellite terminals enable the interception of freight shipments which instead of entering a congested metropolitan area is bound to terminals easier of access. This can also have the advantage of expanding the hinterland of the terminal.