THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
| Economic Wave Phase | Organizational Form | Political Representation |
| Agricultural (First Wave) | Hierarchy/Heredity | Feudalism |
| Industrial (Second Wave) | Bureaucratic/Vertical | Democracy |
| Information (Third Wave) | Networked/Horizontal | Human Rights |
The difference between the Industrial and Information Age organization form is acute. It shifted from vertical (bureaucracy) to horizontal (networked) organizational structures. Characteristic of the networked organization is knowledge work based on teams, human networks, new types of jobs, communications, and collaboration. In terms of urban geography, the second organizational (bureaucratic) form requires offices where vertical control can be efficiently maintained. The third form (networked), requires less office space in central areas as long as the cohesion of the working unit is efficiently insured by a telecommunication system.